Methods, devices, and systems for embedding visual advertisements in video content

ABSTRACT

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, embodiments include obtaining video content, the video content comprises a plurality of frames, monitoring, by an image sensor, a facial feature of a user to determine a visual focus of the user in relation to the video content, and detecting from a group of frames of the plurality of frames at least a reduction in movements of objects in the group of frames. Further embodiments include determining, according to the monitoring and the detecting, a measure of attention of the user within a region of the group of frames, determining that the measure of attention of the user within the region of the group of frames satisfies a threshold, and embedding in at least a portion of subsequent frames of the plurality of frames a visual advertisement in the region via a communication device. Other embodiments are disclosed.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

The subject disclosure relates to methods, devices, and systems forembedding visual advertisement in video content.

BACKGROUND

The current state of the art streams panoramic video content from avideo server to a communication device communicatively coupled to avirtual reality headset to view the panoramic video content. Visualadvertisements are provided by periodically interrupting the panoramicvideo content stream with one or more visual advertisements. Once, thevisual advertisements are presented, the panoramic video content streamis resumed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, which are notnecessarily drawn to scale, and wherein:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary, non-limitingembodiment of a communications network in accordance with variousaspects described herein.

FIGS. 2A-2C, 2E-2I are block diagrams illustrating examples,non-limiting embodiment of a system functioning within the communicationnetwork of FIG. 1 in accordance with various aspects described herein.

FIG. 2D depicts an illustrative embodiment of a method in accordancewith various aspects described herein.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example, non-limitingembodiment of a virtualized communication network in accordance withvarious aspects described herein.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an example, non-limiting embodiment of acomputing environment in accordance with various aspects describedherein.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an example, non-limiting embodiment of amobile network platform in accordance with various aspects describedherein.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an example, non-limiting embodiment of acommunication device in accordance with various aspects describedherein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The subject disclosure describes, among other things, illustrativeembodiments that include obtaining video content. The video content cancomprise a plurality of frames. Further embodiments include monitoring,by an image sensor, a facial feature of a user to determine a visualfocus of the user in relation to the video content. Additionalembodiments include detecting from a group of frames of the plurality offrames at least a reduction in movements of objects in the group offrames. Also, embodiments include determining, according to themonitoring and the detecting, a measure of attention of the user withina region of the group of frames. Further embodiments include determiningthat the measure of attention of the user within the region of the groupof frames satisfies a threshold. Additional embodiments includeembedding in at least a portion of subsequent frames of the plurality offrames a visual advertisement in the region for presentation to the uservia a communication device receiving the at least the portion ofsubsequent frames of the plurality of frames. Other embodiments aredescribed in the subject disclosure.

One or more aspects of the subject disclosure include a device,comprising a processing system including a processor, and a memory thatstores executable instructions that, when executed by the processingsystem, facilitate performance of operations. The operations compriseobtaining video content, the video content comprises a plurality offrames. Further operations comprise monitoring, by an image sensor, afacial feature of a user to determine a visual focus of the user inrelation to the video content. Additional operations comprise detectingfrom a group of frames of the plurality of frames at least a reductionin movements of objects in the group of frames. Also, operationscomprise determining, according to the monitoring and the detecting, ameasure of attention of the user within a region of the group of frames.Further operations comprise determining that the measure of attention ofthe user within the region of the group of frames satisfies a threshold.Additional operations comprise embedding in at least a portion ofsubsequent frames of the plurality of frames a visual advertisement inthe region for presentation to the user via a communication devicereceiving the at least the portion of subsequent frames of the pluralityof frames.

One or more aspects of the subject disclosure include a machine-readablemedium, comprising executable instructions that, when executed by aprocessing system including a processor, facilitate performance ofoperations. The operations comprise obtaining video content, wherein thevideo content comprises a plurality of frames, monitoring, by a sensor,a feature of a user to determine a focus of attention of the user inrelation to the video content, and detecting from a group of frames ofthe plurality of frames at least a reduction in movement of one or moreobjects in the group of frames. Further operations comprise detectingfrom sensor data supplied by the sensor a change in viewpoint of theuser, and determining, according to the reduction in movement of the oneor more objects and the change in view point, a measure of attention ofthe user within a region of the group of frames according to the changein viewpoint. Additional operations comprise determining that themeasure of attention of the user within the region of the group offrames satisfies a threshold, and inserting in at least a portion ofsubsequent frames of the plurality of frames a visual advertisement inthe region for presentation to the user via a communication devicereceiving the at least the portion of subsequent frames of the pluralityof frames.

One or more aspects of the subject disclosure include a method. Themethod comprises obtaining, by a processing system including aprocessor, video content, wherein the video content comprises aplurality of frames, monitoring, by the processing system via a sensor,a feature of a user to determine a focus of the user in relation to thevideo content, and identifying, by the processing system, a first visualadvertisement embedded in a first group of frames of the plurality offrames. Further, the method comprises responsive to determining, by theprocessing system, that a time period since the first group of frameswere presented by a communication device of the user exceeds a timethreshold: detecting, by the processing system, from a second group offrames of the plurality of frames at least a reduction in movement ofone or more objects in the group of frames, the second group of framesoccurs in time after the first group of frames, determining, by theprocessing system, according to sensor data supplied by the sensor andthe reduction in movement of the one or more objects, a measure ofattention of the user within a region of the group of frames,determining, by the processing system, that the measure of attention ofthe user within the region of the group of frames satisfies a threshold,and embedding, by the processing system, in at least a portion of framesof the plurality of frames that occur after the second group of frames asecond visual advertisement in the region for presentation to the uservia the communication device.

Referring now to FIG. 1, a block diagram is shown illustrating anexample, non-limiting embodiment of a communications network 100 inaccordance with various aspects described herein. For example,communications network 100 can facilitate in whole or in part embeddinga visual advertisement in video content. In particular, a communicationsnetwork 125 is presented for providing broadband access 110 to aplurality of data terminals 114 via access terminal 112, wireless access120 to a plurality of mobile devices 12 and vehicle 126 via base stationor access point 122, voice access 130 to a plurality of telephonydevices 134, via switching device 132 and/or media access 140 to aplurality of audio/video display devices 144 via media terminal 142. Inaddition, communication network 125 is coupled to one or more contentsources 175 of audio, video, graphics, text and/or other media. Whilebroadband access 110, wireless access 120, voice access 130 and mediaaccess 140 are shown separately, one or more of these forms of accesscan be combined to provide multiple access services to a single clientdevice (e.g., mobile devices 124 can receive media content via mediaterminal 142, data terminal 114 can be provided voice access viaswitching device 132, and so on).

The communications network 125 includes a plurality of network elements(NE) 150, 152, 154, 156, etc. for facilitating the broadband access 110,wireless access 120, voice access 130, media access 140 and/or thedistribution of content from content sources 175. The communicationsnetwork 125 can include a circuit switched or packet switched network, avoice over Internet protocol (VoIP) network, Internet protocol (IP)network, a cable network, a passive or active optical network, a 4G, 5G,or higher generation wireless access network, WIMAX network,UltraWideband network, personal area network or other wireless accessnetwork, a broadcast satellite network and/or other communicationsnetwork.

In various embodiments, the access terminal 112 can include a digitalsubscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM), cable modem terminationsystem (CMTS), optical line terminal (OLT) and/or other access terminal.The data terminals 114 can include personal computers, laptop computers,netbook computers, tablets or other computing devices along with digitalsubscriber line (DSL) modems, data over coax service interfacespecification (DOCSIS) modems or other cable modems, a wireless modemsuch as a 4G, 5G, or higher generation modem, an optical modem and/orother access devices.

In various embodiments, the base station or access point 122 can includea 4G, 5G, or higher generation base station, an access point thatoperates via an 802.11 standard such as 802.11n, 802.11ac or otherwireless access terminal. The mobile devices 124 can include mobilephones, e-readers, tablets, phablets, wireless modems, and/or othermobile computing devices.

In various embodiments, the switching device 132 can include a privatebranch exchange or central office switch, a media services gateway, VoIPgateway or other gateway device and/or other switching device. Thetelephony devices 134 can include traditional telephones (with orwithout a terminal adapter), VoIP telephones and/or other telephonydevices.

In various embodiments, the media terminal 142 can include a cablehead-end or other TV head-end, a satellite receiver, gateway or othermedia terminal 142. The display devices 144 can include televisions withor without a set top box, personal computers and/or other displaydevices.

In various embodiments, the content sources 175 include broadcasttelevision and radio sources, video on demand platforms and streamingvideo and audio services platforms, one or more content data networks,data servers, web servers and other content servers, and/or othersources of media.

In various embodiments, the communications network 125 can includewired, optical and/or wireless links and the network elements 150, 152,154, 156, etc. can include service switching points, signal transferpoints, service control points, network gateways, media distributionhubs, servers, firewalls, routers, edge devices, switches and othernetwork nodes for routing and controlling communications traffic overwired, optical and wireless links as part of the Internet and otherpublic networks as well as one or more private networks, for managingsubscriber access, for billing and network management and for supportingother network functions.

FIGS. 2A-2C are block diagrams illustrating examples, non-limitingembodiment of a system 200 functioning within the communication networkof FIG. 1 in accordance with various aspects described herein. Referringto FIG. 2A, in one or more embodiments, the system 200 comprises a videocontent server 202 that can deliver video content to a client device 206for a user 209 over a communication network 204. The client device 206can include a mobile phone, tablet computer, laptop computer desktopcomputer, video game system, set top box, smart watch, wearable device,mobile device virtual reality headset, communication device, or anyother computing device. In some embodiments, one or more client devicescan be communicatively coupled to receive and display the video contentdeliver by the video content server 202. For example, a virtual realityheadset 208 can be communicatively coupled to the client device 206 suchthat the client device 206 receives the video content and provides thevideo content to the virtual reality headset 208, which renders thevideo content on its display to be viewed by the user 209. In furtherembodiments, the video content can comprise panoramic video content. Thepanoramic video content can comprise 360 degree video content and/orless than 360 degree video content.

In one or more embodiments, the video content server 202 can embed avisual advertisement within an image of a frame of the video contentprior to delivering the video content/frame with the embedded visualadvertisement (video content comprises multiples frames and each frameincludes an image). In some embodiments, the video content server 202can obtain the video content. The video content can be obtained from adifferent video content server such as a video content server operatedby a media content provider or obtained from a social media provider. Infurther embodiments, the video content server 202 can identify aprevious time period in delivering the video content for embedding aprevious visual advertisement and determining a difference from acurrent time period in delivering the video content and the previoustime period. Further, the video content server 202 can determine thatthe difference exceeds a time threshold such that the video contentprepares to embed a visual advertisement in a frame of the video contentwithin the current time period. However, the video content analyzes eachframe within the current time period to determine whether there is anycontent that may distract a user from viewing an embedded visualadvertisement. For example, if the video content is a sports game, avideo game, a musical concert, different frames of the video content caninclude a moving object such as a ball, opposing player, or singer,respectively. In some embodiments, the video content server 202 candetect that a current frame of the video content with the current timeperiod does not include a moving object.

In one or more embodiments, the video content server 202 not onlyanalyzes a current frame that does not include any distractions (e.g. amoving object) but also determines that a user has interest or isattentive to the image of the current frame to make it worthwhile toembed a visual advertisement that can be seen by a user. In someembodiments, the video content server 202 can determine that userattention exceeds a threshold for the current frame in response toperforming user attention analysis on the current frame (or the image ofthe current frame). The user attention analysis can include visualattention analysis. (Although some embodiments describe such analysis isperformed by the video content server 202, in other embodiments suchanalysis (determining user, etc.) can be performed by client device 206and the results of such analysis are then related to the server), Forexample, the video content can include a football game. Visual attentionanalysis can determine that the current frame shows an image of theteams huddling with each other before start of a play. Visual attentioncan be high for such an image of a current frame but does not include adistraction such as a moving football. Further, the user attentionanalysis can include audio attention analysis. Returning to the examplethat the video content can include a football game, audio attentionanalysis can determine that the current frame shows an image of theteams huddling with each other before start of a play such that ambientnoise level is low and not a distraction.

In one or more embodiments, the video content server 202 can identify alow user attention region within the image of the current frameaccording to the user attention analysis. In some embodiments, the videocontent server 202 can detect a change in viewpoint of the user viewingthe video content. For example, the client device 206 can provide thechange in viewpoint to the video content server 202 in a message sentover the communication network 204. Further, the video content server202 can identify the low user attention region according to the changein viewpoint. For example, during presenting a previous frame of teamshuddling prior to a play in video content of a football game, the videocontent detects that the user adjusted her/his view to a scoreboardpresented in the video content. The video content server 202 can performspatial analysis of the current frame of the two football teams huddlingtogether prior to another play and determine that the area above thescoreboard is a low user attention region and embed the visualadvertisement in such a low user attention region using user attentionanalysis described herein.

In additional embodiments, the video content server 202 can embed avisual advertisement in the low attention region within the image of thecurrent frame. In other embodiments, the video content server 202 canprovide or deliver multiple frames of the video content including thecurrent frame to the client device 206. Further, the client device 206can present the multiple frames of the video content including thecurrent, which includes the embedded visual advertisement.

In one or more embodiments, the video content server 202 can obtainvideo content such that the video content comprises a plurality offrames. Further, the video content can be monitoring by an image sensora facial feature of a user to determine a visual focus of the user inrelation to the video content. In addition, the video content server 202can detect from a group of frames of the plurality of frames at least ina reduction in movements of objects in the group of frames. Also, thevideo content server 202 can determine, according to the monitoring andthe detecting, a measure of attention of the user within a region of thegroup of frames. Further, the video content server 202 can determinethat the measure of attention of the user within the region of the groupof frames satisfies a threshold. In addition, the video content server202 can embed in at least a portion of subsequent frames of theplurality of frames a visual advertisement in the region forpresentation to the user via a communication device. Also, the videocontent server 202 can provide or deliver the portion of the subsequentframes including the embedded visual advertisement to the client device206 over the communication network 204 to be rendered on the display ofthe virtual reality headset 208 to be viewed by user 209.

In one or more embodiments, the threshold can comprise the measure ofattention and a measure of movement of an object. In furtherembodiments, the region of the group of frames satisfying the thresholdcomprises a low user attention region. In additional embodiments, thefacial feature of the user comprises at least one eye of the user, andthe monitoring comprises monitoring, by the image sensor, a pupil of theat least one eye of the user. In some embodiments, the image sensor canbe a camera sensor. In other embodiments, the determining of the measureof attention can comprise the video content server 202 performing userattention analysis on the group of frames. The performing of the userattention analysis can comprise one of the video content server 202performing video user attention analysis or the video content server 202performing audio user attention analysis.

In one or more embodiments, the video content server can compriseidentifying a current time period to embed the visual advertisement. Thegroup of frames and the portion of subsequent frames are within thecurrent time period. Further, the identifying of the current time periodcan comprise identifying a previous time period for embedding a previousvisual advertisement, and determining a difference from the current timeperiod and the previous time period exceeds a time threshold.

In one or more embodiments, the video content server 202 can comprisedetecting a change in viewpoint of the user. The determining of themeasure of attention of the user within the region of the group offrames can comprise determining the measure of attention of the userwithin the region of the group of frames according to the change inviewpoint. In further embodiments the determining of the measure ofattention of the user within the region of the group of frames cancomprise the video content server identifying region of the group offrames in response to the video content server 202 performing a spatialanalysis on the group of frames.

Referring to FIG. 2B, in one or more embodiments, the system 210illustrates an image of a current frame 210 of a football game. Thecurrent frame 210 shows a football field 212 on which two football teams214, 216 huddling together prior to a play. A video content server (asshown in FIG. 2A) can detect that there is no distraction in the currentframe 210 such as a moving object (e.g. football). However, userattention analysis determines that user attention for such a currentframe 210 exceeds a threshold. For example, analysis of other, similarframes from other video content (based on historical data for thecurrent user or other users) or within the same video content (based onhistorical data for the current user or other users) can show that userspay attention to such a frame (or group of frames) for a majority oftime the frame is displayed. That is, client devices can trackviewership on whether users change video content or not during thedisplay of such frames or can capture images of users viewing the frameand detect the viewer is facing the display presenting the frame ratherlooking away using image recognition techniques. Further user attentionanalysis can be detecting (by the video content server) user interactionof other client devices (such as social media) or interacting of otherapplications (such as social media) on the same client device. Forexample, the client device can detect that a user interacts with socialmedia during the presentation of such a frame. Such an interaction canshow that the user has a low attention for the current video contentpresented on the client device. However, if the user is determined topay attention for a period of time that exceeds a threshold (e.g.threshold can be the majority of time the current frame (or group offrames) or other similar frames is/are presented), then the videocontent server can embed visual advertisement in the frame (or group offrames).

In one or more embodiments, the video content server can identify a lowuser attention region within the current frame to embed the visualadvertisement. In the current frame 210, the video content server candetect that the scoreboard 218 is a high attention region for the userbut a region above the scoreboard 219 is a low attention region usingthe same or similar techniques as user attention analysis describedherein. Thus, video content server can embed the visual advertisement inthe low attention region 219 and deliver the video content with thecurrent frame having the low attention region to the client device forpresentation to the user.

Referring to FIG. 2C, in one or more embodiments, a system 220 showsprevious frames 224, 226, 228 in a previous time period 222 in which aprevious visual advertisement was embedded in previous frame 228.Previous frame 228 may have been selected by a video content server (asshown in FIG. 2A) as opposed to previous frames 224, 226 because thevideo content server detected a user distraction such as a moving objectin previous frames 224, 226. Further, the video content serverdetermines the time period 221 between the previous time period 222 andthe current time period 232 exceeds a threshold. In addition, the videocontent server analyzes the current frames 234, 236, 238 to determinewhether there is a user distraction such as a moving object containedtherein. The video content server can determine that current frame 236does not include a user distraction such as a moving object and selectscurrent frame 236 to embed a visual advertisement.

In one or more embodiments, a person of ordinary skill in the art wouldunderstand that visual advertisements take up more than one frame andthat although drawings may show one frame this is just for illustrationpurposes. In further embodiments, a visual advertisement would beembedded in several frames. For example, a ten second visualadvertisement embedded in video content presented at 32 frames persecond would embed the visual advertisement in 320 frames. Thus, aperson of ordinary skill in the art would understand that whendiscussing one frame in any embodiment described herein, a group offrames can also be described for each embodiments.

FIG. 2D depicts an illustrative embodiment of a method 240 in accordancewith various aspects described herein. In one or more embodiments, themethod 240 can be implemented by a server as shown in FIG. 2A. Themethod 240 can include the server, at 242, receiving or obtaining videocontent, the video content comprises a plurality of frames. Further,method 240 can include the server, at 244, identifying a current timeperiod to embed the visual advertisement. In additional embodiments, theidentifying of the current time period comprises identifying a previoustime period for embedding a previous visual advertisement, anddetermining a difference from the current time period and the previoustime period exceeds a time threshold. The group of frames and theportion of the subsequent frames described herein can be within thecurrent time period. In addition, method 240 can include the server, at246, monitoring, by an image sensor, a facial feature of a user todetermine a visual focus of the user in relation to the video content.The facial feature of the user comprises at least one eye of the user,and the monitoring comprises monitoring, by the image sensor, a pupil ofthe at least one eye of the user. The image sensor comprises a camerasensor.

Also, method 240 can include the server, at 248, detecting from a groupof frames of the plurality of frames at least in a reduction inmovements of objects in the group of frames. Further, the method 240 caninclude the server, at 250, detecting a change in viewpoint of the user.In addition, the method 240 can include the server, at 252, determining,according to the monitoring and the detecting, a measure of attention ofthe user within a region of the group of frames. In some embodiments,the determining the measure of attention of the user within the regionof the group of frames comprises determining the measure of attention ofthe user within the region of the group of frames according to thechange in viewpoint. Also, the method 240 can include the server, at254, determining that the measure of attention of the user within theregion of the group of frames satisfies a threshold. The thresholdcomprises a desired measure of attention of the user and a measure ofmovement of the object(s). The region in the group of frames satisfyingthe threshold comprises a low user attention region. The determining ofthe measure of attention of the user comprises performing user attentionanalysis on the group of frames. The performing of the user attentionanalysis comprises performing video user attention analysis orperforming audio user attention analysis. The determining the measure ofattention of the user within the region of the group of frames inresponse to performing a spatial analysis on the group of frames.

Further, the method 240 can include the server, at 256, embedding in atleast a portion of subsequent frames of the plurality of frames a visualadvertisement in the region for presentation to the user via acommunication device. In addition, the method 240 can include theserver, at 258, providing the portion of subsequent frames of the videocontent to a communication device. In some embodiments, thecommunication device presents the portion of subsequent frames of thevideo content, the portion of subsequent frames includes the visualadvertisement. The video content can comprise panoramic video content.In further embodiments, the panoramic video content can include 360degree video content or less than 360 video degree video content. Insome embodiments, the communication device can comprise a virtualreality headset.

While for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the respectiveprocesses are shown and described as a series of blocks in FIG. 2D, itis to be understood and appreciated that the claimed subject matter isnot limited by the order of the blocks, as some blocks may occur indifferent orders and/or concurrently with other blocks from what isdepicted and described herein. Moreover, not all illustrated blocks maybe required to implement the methods described herein.

In addition, a portion of one or more embodiments described herein canbe combined with a portion of one or more other embodiments.

In one or more embodiments, the predominance of video streaming intoday's Internet shows no sign of weakening. In Q4 2016, mobile videoseventually surpassed desktop videos in terms of online viewing time.Today's mobile videos are escalating in many dimensions includingresolution, frame rate, codec, and in particular, the interaction method(e.g., 360-degree video and drone-assisted video). Such changes arefueled by multiple factors including faster mobile networks (LTE and5G), new video types, more powerful devices, and affordable gears suchas Virtual Reality (VR) headsets.

One or more embodiments, determine when, where and how to embed visualadvertisement content for panoramic 360-degree video streaming.360-degree videos, also known as immersive videos, are expected tobecome “the next frontier in mobile video”. As a component of VR, theyprovide users with an immersive viewing experience that far exceeds whatregular videos can offer. They are becoming increasingly popular oncommercial platforms, such as YouTube and Facebook, with the top videosbeing viewed more than 60 million times. Note embodiments describedherein are not limited to mobile 360-degree video. It applies equally to360-degree video on a large screen TV as long as the user has a means ofchanging the viewport or viewpoint.

360-degree videos are recorded using omnidirectional cameras or cameraarray systems (e.g., Facebook Surround 360), and then “wrapped” onto a3D sphere, with the cameras at its center. When watching a 360-degreevideo, a viewer at the spherical center can freely control her/hisviewing direction, so each playback creates a unique experience. Thecontrol of viewing directions is achieved through head movement whenusing head-mounted devices, hand movement for phones and tablets, remotecontrols for large screen TVs, and mouse click for laptops and desktops.As shown in FIG. 2E, when watching a monoscopic 360-degree video a userwearing a VR headset can adjust her/his orientation by changing thepitch, yaw, and roll, which correspond to rotating along the X, Y, and Zaxes, respectively. 360-degree video players compute and display theviewing area based on the orientation and the field of view (FoV). FoVdefines the extent of the observable area, which is usually a fixedparameter of a VR headset (e.g., 110° horizontally and 90° vertically).

In one or more embodiments, there are several projection schemes for360-degree videos. A projection is a transformation of the locationsfrom the surface of a sphere into locations on a plane. The two mostpopular projections are equirectangular and cube map. Equirectangular isa very simple map projection, as shown in FIG. 2F. Cube map projects a360-degree view to the six faces of a cube. Equirectangular is widelyused by YouTube and most Facebook 360-degree videos use cube mapprojection.

In one or more embodiments, in terms of 360-degree video streaming, asolution, which is also widely used by most content providers, deliversthe panoramic views. This scheme is not network friendly, as viewers canwatch only a small part of the delivered video. For more advancedschemes that perform viewport adaptation, the schemes can be dividedinto two categories, tile based and version based. For the tilingscheme, it spatially segments a 360-degree video into tiles. It thendelivers only tiles within FoVs. To increase the robustness of videostreaming, it can also fetch the rest at lower qualities. For theversioning solution, a 360-degree video is encoded into multipleversions each having a different high-quality region. A video playerpicks the right version based on user's viewing direction. One practicalissue of this scheme is that it incurs significant overhead at theserver side.

One or more embodiments can be applied to any projection scheme and doesnot depend on the underlying streaming mechanism. One or moreembodiments can be used for any type of devices, including head-mounteddevices, smartphones, tablets, laptops, desktops, smart TV, etc. Furtherembodiments can be used in conjunction with stereoscopic 360-degreevideos, for which users can change their view directions in a 6DoF (sixDegrees of Freedom) system (i.e., up/down, left/right, and front/back).

In one or more embodiments, there are two types of advertisementinsertion methods for video streaming. Some embodiments can insert avideo advertisement segment (i.e., an independent video clip) directlyinto the video streaming. For example, the insertion time can beselected when the regular content discontinuity is high and theattractiveness is low, in order to make the insertion not intrusive(avoiding interruption of user's viewing experience). When it is time toplay the advertisement video, the regular video streaming will bepaused. After the playback of the advertisement video, the video playercan resume the original video streaming. Another approach ofadvertisement insertion is to embed visual advertisement content intoeach video frame. Similar as the first method, one question to answer iswhen to embed the visual advertisement content. Another problem is whereto insert the visual advertisement content, as shown in FIG. 2G. One keyissue of the first type of advertisement insertion is that it is stillintrusive and interruptive and may significantly affect the quality ofuser experience, compared with the second approach.

The goal of visual advertisement content embedding is to make theinsertion more noticeable by the audience to make it effective and atthe same time not to interrupt the viewing experience of the originalvideo streaming. To achieve a balance between these two objectives, thevirtual content can be inserted when the original video attracts moreattention from the audience and in the area which contains less valuableinformation. For example, by leveraging attention analysis, embodimentscan identify Higher Attentive Shot (HAS) as the insertion time and LowerAttention Region (LAR) as the insertion location. Embodiments can alsoconduct both spatial and temporal attention analysis.

User attention analysis has been extensively investigated by theresearch community for more than a decade. Traditional computationalattention analysis methods can be based on saliency, contrast andinformation theory, etc. These static attention analysis solutions havealso been extended to the spatial-temporal domain for detecting LowerAttention Region, for example, by considering motion saliency. Regardingtemporal attention analysis, usually frames that are significantlydifferent from the preceding ones attract more attention from theaudience, which is used for the detection of Higher Attentive Shot.

In some embodiments, “Attention is a neurobiological conception. Itmeans the concentration of mental powers upon an object by close orcareful observing or listening, which is the ability or power toconcentrate mentally. Also, it is a condition of readiness for suchattention involving especially a selective narrowing or focusing ofconsciousness and receptivity.” In order to model user attention,embodiments can present a generic framework that estimates the attentionusers may pay to video content when watching video streaming. Inparticular, a viewer's attention can be defined through multiple sensoryperceptions including visual and aural stimulus and partly semanticunderstanding, and include several modeling methods for visual and auralattentions. These can include four visual attention models and threeaural attention models. The visual attention models include a motionattention model, a static attention model, a face attention model and acamera motion model. The three aural attention models are aural saliencymodel and speech and music attention models.

Besides the question of when and where to embed visual advertisementcontent, embodiments can also aim to offer personalized advertisementembedding for panoramic video streaming, with the goal to helpadvertisers effectively and efficiently reach their customers.Embodiments can include enabling personalized and content-awareadvertising, which is simple and is based on the analysis of what typeof content in a panoramic video a specific viewer may be interested in.

One or more embodiments can show that personalized video advertisementsare engaging consumers by offering information and products that arerelevant to them and users actually want a more personalized advertisingexperience. The scope of the embodiments is to investigate how toleverage content analysis to facilitate personalized advertising foronline videos. Although similar concepts have been utilized before,existing solutions are usually based on coarse-granularity video contentanalysis. For example, two different persons watching the same set ofvideos can probably get the same targeted advertisement, as the analysisis done solely based on the genre of the consumed video. However, evenfor the same video, different persons may be interested in differentportions of it. This fact is ignored by existing solutions. What is moreimportant is that, given the popularity of the emerging 360-degreevideos, the consumed content of two viewers may be significantlydifferent from each other, as they can freely select the content theyare going to watch by changing the viewing direction. Embodiments caninclude fine-granularity content analysis that can help advertisersbetter serve consumers of online videos by offering more relevantadvertisements. This type of fine granularity content analysis is whatembodiments can leverage.

Further one or more embodiments can aim to address the problem on when,where and how to embed visual advertisement content for panoramic videostreaming using a holistic solution.

One or more embodiments can focus on personalized visual advertisementcontent embedding for panoramic video streaming. In general, there arethree types of participants in the advertising ecosystems: advertiserswho want to promote their brand and products and can pay for theadvertisements, users who can consume the advertisements, and ad serviceproviders who determine what advertisement to display to users, e.g.,based on their preferences and/or interests. Advertisers make paymentsto advertisement service providers, for example, for clicks on theironline advertisements displayed on websites. The goal of an advertiseris to make their ads reach the appropriate users who wish to get adsrelevant to them. In terms of ad service providers, they want to improvethe efficiency, scalability and robustness of their system and maximizetheir revenue. The effectiveness of an advertising system can bemeasured by the so-called Click Through Rate (CTR) for web-based systemsand brand perception for video based systems.

Embodiments can describe what visual advertisement content should beselected and delivered to customers. Periodically a video player fetchesvideo chunks from a content server, which could be either the originalvideo server, or a CDN (Content Delivery Network) server. The playercollects the view directions from users to identify the Region ofInterests (RoIs). If there is any Rol identified for the frame that theuser is currently consuming, the player will report the Rol relatedinformation to the advertisement service provider. The informationincludes the timestamp of the current video frame, the central point ofthe current RoI, and the size of Field of View (FoV). Note that thisinformation is reported to the advertisement service provider for everyvideo frame. Given the small amount of collected data, the communicationoverhead should not be high. Embodiments can further compress the databy sending a report only when the delta from the last report issignificant enough (e.g., higher than a pre-defined threshold).

The advertisement service provider utilizes the information collectedfrom users to determine the most relevant visual advertisement contentfor a specific user. There are two key components in the selectionpipeline. The first one is to retrieve the keywords from the detectedRoIs, in order to leverage existing work on textual information basedtarget advertising used for webpages. The input to this component is thevideo content in the reported RoI for a given user. After that,embodiments can use either object classification algorithms or automaticdescription generation for images to create the keywords for thecorresponding video content, and update the profile for that user. Thesecond key component is the advertisement selection algorithm, whichchooses the most relevant video advertisement according to the profilefrom that user. There are several approaches for the advertisementselection algorithm. For example, embodiments can generate a set ofkeywords from candidate video advertisements, compute the vectordistance between the keyword set of each candidate and that from auser's profile, and choose the video advertisement that leads to theshortest distance.

Embodiments can describe the workflow, as shown in FIG. 2H, fordetermining the insertion time for visual advertisement content. Notethat in some embodiments have this workflow running on the video serverside. (In other embodiments, such a workflow can be run on clientdevices including but not limited to 4K televisions). The client playercan periodically send the current viewport information to the server. Ifthe viewport is not changing, the server can execute the visual-baseduser attention analysis algorithm. Otherwise, the server can detectwhether there are moving objects in the current viewport and the vieweris actively following these objects. If this is the case, the server cansend regular video frames without embedded visual advertisement contentto the client, as it may be intrusive when the user is actually focusingon the regular video streaming content. On the other hand, if there isno moving object of interest detected in the current viewport, theserver can execute the same user attention analysis algorithm, becausethe user now may be actively looking for interesting objects/scenes.Note that if the viewport is changing in the opposite direction of themoving object, then embodiments can still embed visual advertisementcontent because the user is not focusing on the moving object. Moregenerally, if the speed and/or direction of the change in viewport issignificantly different than the speed/direction of the moving object,then the user is not focusing on that moving object and it is possibleto embed visual content. For sports games, when the game is stopped(e.g., in soccer because of players pretending to be injured) it is agood opportunity to insert visual content regardless of whether theviewport is changing or not. Embodiments can also analyze the audiotrack for when to embed the visual advertisement content. If there is aheavy dialog, or if the background music is building up in a scene fullof suspense, then it is best not to intrude. On the other hand, sceneswith silence or low-level background noise might be better for visualadvertisement content insertion. The output of the above user attentionanalysis algorithms, both visual-based and audio-based, can be theproper time instances when the server can potentially insert visualadvertisement content determined in the first step, depending on whethera proper location can be identified next.

Embodiments can include a workflow, as shown in FIG. 2I, for determiningthe location for visual advertisement content embedding. Note that insome embodiments have this workflow running on the video server side.(In other embodiments, such a workflow can be run on client devicesincluding but not limited to 4K televisions). When it is time to embedvisual advertisement content, the server can first check whether theviewport is changing. If not, it can execute the spatial attentionanalysis algorithm to determine several candidate areas. If the viewportis actually changing, the server can determine the moving directionbased on the viewport trajectory reported by the client. Whenidentifying the location for visual advertisement content embedding, thearea with less information has a higher priority for static viewports,with the goal to make the insertion not intrusive. When the viewport ischanging, the area that the viewer is moving toward has a higherpriority, in order to keep the embedded visual advertisement content inthe viewport as long as possible and thus make the advertising moreeffective. For example, when a user is moving her viewing direction tothe left, the area on the left hand side of the viewport would have ahigher priority of being selected for visual advertisement contentembedding. Once the insertion location is determined, the video servercan embed the visual advertisement content selected in the first stepinto each video frame and deliver it to the client.

The above description is for the delivery of visual advertisementcontent. Embodiments can also be extended to support other types ofadvertisements, such as display ads, social media ads, email ads, searchengine marketing, etc. The embedded visual advertisement content isusually clickable. After users click on it, it can either play theembedded video clip or re-direct them to proper locations (e.g., awebsite). In order to make the proposed system privacy aware,embodiments can leverage existing solutions, for example, by using aserver-proxy architecture, where the server is responsible foradvertisement selection algorithms, determines the final delivered videoads, and identifies the insertion time and location for visualadvertisement content, whereas the proxy takes care of the aggregationand anonymization of privacy related information.

Referring now to FIG. 3, a block diagram 300 is shown illustrating anexample, non-limiting embodiment of a virtualized communication networkin accordance with various aspects described herein. In particular avirtualized communication network is presented that can be used toimplement some or all of the subsystems and functions of communicationnetwork 100, the subsystems and functions of system 200, and method 240presented in FIGS. 1, 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D and 3. For example, virtualizedcommunication network 300 can facilitate in whole or in part embedding avisual advertisement in video content.

In particular, a cloud networking architecture is shown that leveragescloud technologies and supports rapid innovation and scalability via atransport layer 350, a virtualized network function cloud 325 and/or oneor more cloud computing environments 375. In various embodiments, thiscloud networking architecture is an open architecture that leveragesapplication programming interfaces (APIs); reduces complexity fromservices and operations; supports more nimble business models; andrapidly and seamlessly scales to meet evolving customer requirementsincluding traffic growth, diversity of traffic types, and diversity ofperformance and reliability expectations.

In contrast to traditional network elements—which are typicallyintegrated to perform a single function, the virtualized communicationnetwork employs virtual network elements (VNEs) 330, 332, 334, etc. thatperform some or all of the functions of network elements 150, 152, 154,156, etc. For example, the network architecture can provide a substrateof networking capability, often called Network Function VirtualizationInfrastructure (NFVI) or simply infrastructure that is capable of beingdirected with software and Software Defined Networking (SDN) protocolsto perform a broad variety of network functions and services. Thisinfrastructure can include several types of substrates. The most typicaltype of substrate being servers that support Network FunctionVirtualization (NFV), followed by packet forwarding capabilities basedon generic computing resources, with specialized network technologiesbrought to bear when general purpose processors or general purposeintegrated circuit devices offered by merchants (referred to herein asmerchant silicon) are not appropriate. In this case, communicationservices can be implemented as cloud-centric workloads.

As an example, a traditional network element 150 (shown in FIG. 1), suchas an edge router can be implemented via a VNE 330 composed of NFVsoftware modules, merchant silicon, and associated controllers. Thesoftware can be written so that increasing workload consumes incrementalresources from a common resource pool, and moreover so that it'selastic: so the resources are only consumed when needed. In a similarfashion, other network elements such as other routers, switches, edgecaches, and middle-boxes are instantiated from the common resource pool.Such sharing of infrastructure across a broad set of uses makes planningand growing infrastructure easier to manage.

In an embodiment, the transport layer 350 includes fiber, cable, wiredand/or wireless transport elements, network elements and interfaces toprovide broadband access 110, wireless access 120, voice access 130,media access 140 and/or access to content sources 175 for distributionof content to any or all of the access technologies. In particular, insome cases a network element needs to be positioned at a specific place,and this allows for less sharing of common infrastructure. Other times,the network elements have specific physical layer adapters that cannotbe abstracted or virtualized, and might require special DSP code andanalog front-ends (AFEs) that do not lend themselves to implementationas VNEs 330, 332 or 334. These network elements can be included intransport layer 350.

The virtualized network function cloud 325 interfaces with the transportlayer 350 to provide the VNEs 330, 332, 334, etc. to provide specificNFVs. In particular, the virtualized network function cloud 325leverages cloud operations, applications, and architectures to supportnetworking workloads. The virtualized network elements 330, 332 and 334can employ network function software that provides either a one-for-onemapping of traditional network element function or alternately somecombination of network functions designed for cloud computing. Forexample, VNEs 330, 332 and 334 can include route reflectors, domain namesystem (DNS) servers, and dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP)servers, system architecture evolution (SAE) and/or mobility managemententity (MME) gateways, broadband network gateways, IP edge routers forIP-VPN, Ethernet and other services, load balancers, distributers andother network elements. Because these elements don't typically need toforward large amounts of traffic, their workload can be distributedacross a number of servers—each of which adds a portion of thecapability, and overall which creates an elastic function with higheravailability than its former monolithic version. These virtual networkelements 330, 332, 334, etc. can be instantiated and managed using anorchestration approach similar to those used in cloud compute services.

The cloud computing environments 375 can interface with the virtualizednetwork function cloud 325 via APIs that expose functional capabilitiesof the VNEs 330, 332, 334, etc. to provide the flexible and expandedcapabilities to the virtualized network function cloud 325. Inparticular, network workloads may have applications distributed acrossthe virtualized network function cloud 325 and cloud computingenvironment 375 and in the commercial cloud, or might simply orchestrateworkloads supported entirely in NFV infrastructure from these thirdparty locations.

Turning now to FIG. 4, there is illustrated a block diagram of acomputing environment in accordance with various aspects describedherein. In order to provide additional context for various embodimentsof the embodiments described herein, FIG. 4 and the following discussionare intended to provide a brief, general description of a suitablecomputing environment 400 in which the various embodiments of thesubject disclosure can be implemented. In particular, computingenvironment 400 can be used in the implementation of network elements150, 152, 154, 156, access terminal 112, base station or access point122, switching device 132, media terminal 142, and/or VNEs 330, 332,334, etc. Each of these devices can be implemented viacomputer-executable instructions that can run on one or more computers,and/or in combination with other program modules and/or as a combinationof hardware and software. For example, computing environment 400 canfacilitate in whole or in part embedding a visual advertisement in videocontent. Further, the video content server 202, client device 206, andvirtual reality headset 208 can comprise the computing environment 400.

Generally, program modules comprise routines, programs, components, datastructures, etc., that perform particular tasks or implement particularabstract data types. Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciatethat the inventive methods can be practiced with other computer systemconfigurations, comprising single-processor or multiprocessor computersystems, minicomputers, mainframe computers, as well as personalcomputers, hand-held computing devices, microprocessor-based orprogrammable consumer electronics, and the like, each of which can beoperatively coupled to one or more associated devices.

As used herein, a processing circuit includes one or more processors aswell as other application specific circuits such as an applicationspecific integrated circuit, digital logic circuit, state machine,programmable gate array or other circuit that processes input signals ordata and that produces output signals or data in response thereto. Itshould be noted that while any functions and features described hereinin association with the operation of a processor could likewise beperformed by a processing circuit.

The illustrated embodiments of the embodiments herein can be alsopracticed in distributed computing environments where certain tasks areperformed by remote processing devices that are linked through acommunications network. In a distributed computing environment, programmodules can be located in both local and remote memory storage devices.

Computing devices typically comprise a variety of media, which cancomprise computer-readable storage media and/or communications media,which two terms are used herein differently from one another as follows.Computer-readable storage media can be any available storage media thatcan be accessed by the computer and comprises both volatile andnonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media. By way of example,and not limitation, computer-readable storage media can be implementedin connection with any method or technology for storage of informationsuch as computer-readable instructions, program modules, structured dataor unstructured data.

Computer-readable storage media can comprise, but are not limited to,random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), electricallyerasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM),flash memory or othermemory technology, compact disk read only memory (CD-ROM), digitalversatile disk (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes,magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devicesor other tangible and/or non-transitory media which can be used to storedesired information. In this regard, the terms “tangible” or“non-transitory” herein as applied to storage, memory orcomputer-readable media, are to be understood to exclude onlypropagating transitory signals per se as modifiers and do not relinquishrights to all standard storage, memory or computer-readable media thatare not only propagating transitory signals per se.

Computer-readable storage media can be accessed by one or more local orremote computing devices, e.g., via access requests, queries or otherdata retrieval protocols, for a variety of operations with respect tothe information stored by the medium.

Communications media typically embody computer-readable instructions,data structures, program modules or other structured or unstructureddata in a data signal such as a modulated data signal, e.g., a carrierwave or other transport mechanism, and comprises any informationdelivery or transport media. The term “modulated data signal” or signalsrefers to a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set orchanged in such a manner as to encode information in one or moresignals. By way of example, and not limitation, communication mediacomprise wired media, such as a wired network or direct-wiredconnection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared and otherwireless media.

With reference again to FIG. 4, the example environment can comprise acomputer 402, the computer 402 comprising a processing unit 404, asystem memory 406 and a system bus 408. The system bus 408 couplessystem components including, but not limited to, the system memory 406to the processing unit 404. The processing unit 404 can be any ofvarious commercially available processors. Dual microprocessors andother multiprocessor architectures can also be employed as theprocessing unit 404.

The system bus 408 can be any of several types of bus structure that canfurther interconnect to a memory bus (with or without a memorycontroller), a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety ofcommercially available bus architectures. The system memory 406comprises ROM 410 and RAM 412. A basic input/output system (BIOS) can bestored in a non-volatile memory such as ROM, erasable programmable readonly memory (EPROM), EEPROM, which BIOS contains the basic routines thathelp to transfer information between elements within the computer 402,such as during startup. The RAM 412 can also comprise a high-speed RAMsuch as static RAM for caching data.

The computer 402 further comprises an internal hard disk drive (HDD) 414(e.g., EIDE, SATA), which internal HDD 414 can also be configured forexternal use in a suitable chassis (not shown), a magnetic floppy diskdrive (FDD) 416, (e.g., to read from or write to a removable diskette418) and an optical disk drive 420, (e.g., reading a CD-ROM disk 422 or,to read from or write to other high capacity optical media such as theDVD). The HDD 414, magnetic FDD 416 and optical disk drive 420 can beconnected to the system bus 408 by a hard disk drive interface 424, amagnetic disk drive interface 426 and an optical drive interface 428,respectively. The hard disk drive interface 424 for external driveimplementations comprises at least one or both of Universal Serial Bus(USB) and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 1394interface technologies. Other external drive connection technologies arewithin contemplation of the embodiments described herein.

The drives and their associated computer-readable storage media providenonvolatile storage of data, data structures, computer-executableinstructions, and so forth. For the computer 402, the drives and storagemedia accommodate the storage of any data in a suitable digital format.Although the description of computer-readable storage media above refersto a hard disk drive (HDD), a removable magnetic diskette, and aremovable optical media such as a CD or DVD, it should be appreciated bythose skilled in the art that other types of storage media which arereadable by a computer, such as zip drives, magnetic cassettes, flashmemory cards, cartridges, and the like, can also be used in the exampleoperating environment, and further, that any such storage media cancontain computer-executable instructions for performing the methodsdescribed herein.

A number of program modules can be stored in the drives and RAM 412,comprising an operating system 430, one or more application programs432, other program modules 434 and program data 436. All or portions ofthe operating system, applications, modules, and/or data can also becached in the RAM 412. The systems and methods described herein can beimplemented utilizing various commercially available operating systemsor combinations of operating systems.

A user can enter commands and information into the computer 402 throughone or more wired/wireless input devices, e.g., a keyboard 438 and apointing device, such as a mouse 440. Other input devices (not shown)can comprise a microphone, an infrared (IR) remote control, a joystick,a game pad, a stylus pen, touch screen or the like. These and otherinput devices are often connected to the processing unit 404 through aninput device interface 442 that can be coupled to the system bus 408,but can be connected by other interfaces, such as a parallel port, anIEEE 1394 serial port, a game port, a universal serial bus (USB) port,an IR interface, etc.

A monitor 444 or other type of display device can be also connected tothe system bus 408 via an interface, such as a video adapter 446. Itwill also be appreciated that in alternative embodiments, a monitor 444can also be any display device (e.g., another computer having a display,a smart phone, a tablet computer, etc.) for receiving displayinformation associated with computer 402 via any communication means,including via the Internet and cloud-based networks. In addition to themonitor 444, a computer typically comprises other peripheral outputdevices (not shown), such as speakers, printers, etc.

The computer 402 can operate in a networked environment using logicalconnections via wired and/or wireless communications to one or moreremote computers, such as a remote computer(s) 448. The remotecomputer(s) 448 can be a workstation, a server computer, a router, apersonal computer, portable computer, microprocessor-based entertainmentappliance, a peer device or other common network node, and typicallycomprises many or all of the elements described relative to the computer402, although, for purposes of brevity, only a remote memory/storagedevice 450 is illustrated. The logical connections depicted comprisewired/wireless connectivity to a local area network (LAN) 452 and/orlarger networks, e.g., a wide area network (WAN) 454. Such LAN and WANnetworking environments are commonplace in offices and companies, andfacilitate enterprise-wide computer networks, such as intranets, all ofwhich can connect to a global communications network, e.g., theInternet.

When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer 402 can beconnected to the LAN 452 through a wired and/or wireless communicationnetwork interface or adapter 456. The adapter 456 can facilitate wiredor wireless communication to the LAN 452, which can also comprise awireless AP disposed thereon for communicating with the adapter 456.

When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer 402 can comprisea modem 458 or can be connected to a communications server on the WAN454 or has other means for establishing communications over the WAN 454,such as by way of the Internet. The modem 458, which can be internal orexternal and a wired or wireless device, can be connected to the systembus 408 via the input device interface 442. In a networked environment,program modules depicted relative to the computer 402 or portionsthereof, can be stored in the remote memory/storage device 450. It willbe appreciated that the network connections shown are example and othermeans of establishing a communications link between the computers can beused.

The computer 402 can be operable to communicate with any wirelessdevices or entities operatively disposed in wireless communication,e.g., a printer, scanner, desktop and/or portable computer, portabledata assistant, communications satellite, any piece of equipment orlocation associated with a wirelessly detectable tag (e.g., a kiosk,news stand, restroom), and telephone. This can comprise WirelessFidelity (Wi-Fi) and BLUETOOTH® wireless technologies. Thus, thecommunication can be a predefined structure as with a conventionalnetwork or simply an ad hoc communication between at least two devices.

Wi-Fi can allow connection to the Internet from a couch at home, a bedin a hotel room or a conference room at work, without wires. Wi-Fi is awireless technology similar to that used in a cell phone that enablessuch devices, e.g., computers, to send and receive data indoors and out;anywhere within the range of a base station. Wi-Fi networks use radiotechnologies called IEEE 802.11 (a, b, g, n, ac, ag, etc.) to providesecure, reliable, fast wireless connectivity. A Wi-Fi network can beused to connect computers to each other, to the Internet, and to wirednetworks (which can use IEEE 802.3 or Ethernet). Wi-Fi networks operatein the unlicensed 2.4 and 5 GHz radio bands for example or with productsthat contain both bands (dual band), so the networks can providereal-world performance similar to the basic 10BaseT wired Ethernetnetworks used in many offices.

Turning now to FIG. 5, an embodiment 500 of a mobile network platform510 is shown that is an example of network elements 150, 152, 154, 156,and/or VNEs 330, 332, 334, etc. For example, platform 510 can facilitatein whole or in part embedding a visual advertisement in video content.In one or more embodiments, the mobile network platform 510 can generateand receive signals transmitted and received by base stations or accesspoints such as base station or access point 122. Generally, mobilenetwork platform 510 can comprise components, e.g., nodes, gateways,interfaces, servers, or disparate platforms, that facilitate bothpacket-switched (PS) (e.g., internet protocol (IP), frame relay,asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)) and circuit-switched (CS) traffic(e.g., voice and data), as well as control generation for networkedwireless telecommunication. As a non-limiting example, mobile networkplatform 510 can be included in telecommunications carrier networks, andcan be considered carrier-side components as discussed elsewhere herein.Mobile network platform 510 comprises CS gateway node(s) 512 which caninterface CS traffic received from legacy networks like telephonynetwork(s) 540 (e.g., public switched telephone network (PSTN), orpublic land mobile network (PLMN)) or a signaling system #7 (SS7)network 560. CS gateway node(s) 512 can authorize and authenticatetraffic (e.g., voice) arising from such networks. Additionally, CSgateway node(s) 512 can access mobility, or roaming, data generatedthrough SS7 network 560; for instance, mobility data stored in a visitedlocation register (VLR), which can reside in memory 530. Moreover, CSgateway node(s) 512 interfaces CS-based traffic and signaling and PSgateway node(s) 518. As an example, in a 3GPP UMTS network, CS gatewaynode(s) 512 can be realized at least in part in gateway GPRS supportnode(s) (GGSN). It should be appreciated that functionality and specificoperation of CS gateway node(s) 512, PS gateway node(s) 518, and servingnode(s) 516, is provided and dictated by radio technology(ies) utilizedby mobile network platform 510 for telecommunication over a radio accessnetwork 520 with other devices, such as a radiotelephone 575.

In addition to receiving and processing CS-switched traffic andsignaling, PS gateway node(s) 518 can authorize and authenticatePS-based data sessions with served mobile devices. Data sessions cancomprise traffic, or content(s), exchanged with networks external to themobile network platform 510, like wide area network(s) (WANs) 550,enterprise network(s) 570, and service network(s) 580, which can beembodied in local area network(s) (LANs), can also be interfaced withmobile network platform 510 through PS gateway node(s) 518. It is to benoted that WANs 550 and enterprise network(s) 570 can embody, at leastin part, a service network(s) like IP multimedia subsystem (IMS). Basedon radio technology layer(s) available in technology resource(s) orradio access network 520, PS gateway node(s) 518 can generate packetdata protocol contexts when a data session is established; other datastructures that facilitate routing of packetized data also can begenerated. To that end, in an aspect, PS gateway node(s) 518 cancomprise a tunnel interface (e.g., tunnel termination gateway (TTG) in3GPP UMTS network(s) (not shown)) which can facilitate packetizedcommunication with disparate wireless network(s), such as Wi-Finetworks.

In embodiment 500, mobile network platform 510 also comprises servingnode(s) 516 that, based upon available radio technology layer(s) withintechnology resource(s) in the radio access network 520, convey thevarious packetized flows of data streams received through PS gatewaynode(s) 518. It is to be noted that for technology resource(s) that relyprimarily on CS communication, server node(s) can deliver trafficwithout reliance on PS gateway node(s) 518; for example, server node(s)can embody at least in part a mobile switching center. As an example, ina 3GPP UMTS network, serving node(s) 516 can be embodied in serving GPRSsupport node(s) (SGSN).

For radio technologies that exploit packetized communication, server(s)514 in mobile network platform 510 can execute numerous applicationsthat can generate multiple disparate packetized data streams or flows,and manage (e.g., schedule, queue, format . . . ) such flows. Suchapplication(s) can comprise add-on features to standard services (forexample, provisioning, billing, customer support . . . ) provided bymobile network platform 510. Data streams (e.g., content(s) that arepart of a voice call or data session) can be conveyed to PS gatewaynode(s) 518 for authorization/authentication and initiation of a datasession, and to serving node(s) 516 for communication thereafter. Inaddition to application server, server(s) 514 can comprise utilityserver(s), a utility server can comprise a provisioning server, anoperations and maintenance server, a security server that can implementat least in part a certificate authority and firewalls as well as othersecurity mechanisms, and the like. In an aspect, security server(s)secure communication served through mobile network platform 510 toensure network's operation and data integrity in addition toauthorization and authentication procedures that CS gateway node(s) 512and PS gateway node(s) 518 can enact. Moreover, provisioning server(s)can provision services from external network(s) like networks operatedby a disparate service provider; for instance, WAN 550 or GlobalPositioning System (GPS) network(s) (not shown). Provisioning server(s)can also provision coverage through networks associated to mobilenetwork platform 510 (e.g., deployed and operated by the same serviceprovider), such as the distributed antennas networks shown in FIG. 1(s)that enhance wireless service coverage by providing more networkcoverage.

It is to be noted that server(s) 514 can comprise one or more processorsconfigured to confer at least in part the functionality of mobilenetwork platform 510. To that end, the one or more processor can executecode instructions stored in memory 530, for example. It is should beappreciated that server(s) 514 can comprise a content manager, whichoperates in substantially the same manner as described hereinbefore.

In example embodiment 500, memory 530 can store information related tooperation of mobile network platform 510. Other operational informationcan comprise provisioning information of mobile devices served throughmobile network platform 510, subscriber databases; applicationintelligence, pricing schemes, e.g., promotional rates, flat-rateprograms, couponing campaigns; technical specification(s) consistentwith telecommunication protocols for operation of disparate radio, orwireless, technology layers; and so forth. Memory 530 can also storeinformation from at least one of telephony network(s) 540, WAN 550, SS7network 560, or enterprise network(s) 570. In an aspect, memory 530 canbe, for example, accessed as part of a data store component or as aremotely connected memory store.

In order to provide a context for the various aspects of the disclosedsubject matter, FIG. 5, and the following discussion, are intended toprovide a brief, general description of a suitable environment in whichthe various aspects of the disclosed subject matter can be implemented.While the subject matter has been described above in the general contextof computer-executable instructions of a computer program that runs on acomputer and/or computers, those skilled in the art will recognize thatthe disclosed subject matter also can be implemented in combination withother program modules. Generally, program modules comprise routines,programs, components, data structures, etc. that perform particulartasks and/or implement particular abstract data types.

Turning now to FIG. 6, an illustrative embodiment of a communicationdevice 600 is shown. The communication device 600 can serve as anillustrative embodiment of devices such as data terminals 114, mobiledevices 124, vehicle 126, display devices 144 or other client devicesfor communication via either communications network 125. For example,computing device 600 can facilitate in whole or in part embedding avisual advertisement in video content. Further, the video content server202, client device 206, and virtual reality headset 208 can comprise thecomputing device 600.

The communication device 600 can comprise a wireline and/or wirelesstransceiver 602 (herein transceiver 602), a user interface (UI) 604, apower supply 614, a location receiver 616, a motion sensor 618, anorientation sensor 620, and a controller 606 for managing operationsthereof. The transceiver 602 can support short-range or long-rangewireless access technologies such as Bluetooth®, ZigBee®, WiFi, DECT, orcellular communication technologies, just to mention a few (Bluetooth®and ZigBee® are trademarks registered by the Bluetooth® Special InterestGroup and the ZigBee® Alliance, respectively). Cellular technologies caninclude, for example, CDMA-1X, UMTS/HSDPA, GSM/GPRS, TDMA/EDGE, EV/DO,WiMAX, SDR, LTE, as well as other next generation wireless communicationtechnologies as they arise. The transceiver 602 can also be adapted tosupport circuit-switched wireline access technologies (such as PSTN),packet-switched wireline access technologies (such as TCP/IP, VoIP,etc.), and combinations thereof.

The UI 604 can include a depressible or touch-sensitive keypad 608 witha navigation mechanism such as a roller ball, a joystick, a mouse, or anavigation disk for manipulating operations of the communication device600. The keypad 608 can be an integral part of a housing assembly of thecommunication device 600 or an independent device operably coupledthereto by a tethered wireline interface (such as a USB cable) or awireless interface supporting for example Bluetooth®. The keypad 608 canrepresent a numeric keypad commonly used by phones, and/or a QWERTYkeypad with alphanumeric keys. The UI 604 can further include a display610 such as monochrome or color LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), OLED(Organic Light Emitting Diode) or other suitable display technology forconveying images to an end user of the communication device 600. In anembodiment where the display 610 is touch-sensitive, a portion or all ofthe keypad 608 can be presented by way of the display 610 withnavigation features.

The display 610 can use touch screen technology to also serve as a userinterface for detecting user input. As a touch screen display, thecommunication device 600 can be adapted to present a user interfacehaving graphical user interface (GUI) elements that can be selected by auser with a touch of a finger. The display 610 can be equipped withcapacitive, resistive or other forms of sensing technology to detect howmuch surface area of a user's finger has been placed on a portion of thetouch screen display. This sensing information can be used to controlthe manipulation of the GUI elements or other functions of the userinterface. The display 610 can be an integral part of the housingassembly of the communication device 600 or an independent devicecommunicatively coupled thereto by a tethered wireline interface (suchas a cable) or a wireless interface.

The UI 604 can also include an audio system 612 that utilizes audiotechnology for conveying low volume audio (such as audio heard inproximity of a human ear) and high volume audio (such as speakerphonefor hands free operation). The audio system 612 can further include amicrophone for receiving audible signals of an end user. The audiosystem 612 can also be used for voice recognition applications. The UI604 can further include an image sensor 613 such as a charged coupleddevice (CCD) camera for capturing still or moving images.

The power supply 614 can utilize common power management technologiessuch as replaceable and rechargeable batteries, supply regulationtechnologies, and/or charging system technologies for supplying energyto the components of the communication device 600 to facilitatelong-range or short-range portable communications. Alternatively, or incombination, the charging system can utilize external power sources suchas DC power supplied over a physical interface such as a USB port orother suitable tethering technologies.

The location receiver 616 can utilize location technology such as aglobal positioning system (GPS) receiver capable of assisted GPS foridentifying a location of the communication device 600 based on signalsgenerated by a constellation of GPS satellites, which can be used forfacilitating location services such as navigation. The motion sensor 618can utilize motion sensing technology such as an accelerometer, agyroscope, or other suitable motion sensing technology to detect motionof the communication device 600 in three-dimensional space. Theorientation sensor 620 can utilize orientation sensing technology suchas a magnetometer to detect the orientation of the communication device600 (north, south, west, and east, as well as combined orientations indegrees, minutes, or other suitable orientation metrics).

The communication device 600 can use the transceiver 602 to alsodetermine a proximity to a cellular, WiFi, Bluetooth®, or other wirelessaccess points by sensing techniques such as utilizing a received signalstrength indicator (RSSI) and/or signal time of arrival (TOA) or time offlight (TOF) measurements. The controller 606 can utilize computingtechnologies such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP),programmable gate arrays, application specific integrated circuits,and/or a video processor with associated storage memory such as Flash,ROM, RAM, SRAM, DRAM or other storage technologies for executingcomputer instructions, controlling, and processing data supplied by theaforementioned components of the communication device 600.

Other components not shown in FIG. 6 can be used in one or moreembodiments of the subject disclosure. For instance, the communicationdevice 600 can include a slot for adding or removing an identity modulesuch as a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card or Universal IntegratedCircuit Card (UICC). SIM or UICC cards can be used for identifyingsubscriber services, executing programs, storing subscriber data, and soon.

The terms “first,” “second,” “third,” and so forth, as used in theclaims, unless otherwise clear by context, is for clarity only anddoesn't otherwise indicate or imply any order in time. For instance, “afirst determination,” “a second determination,” and “a thirddetermination,” does not indicate or imply that the first determinationis to be made before the second determination, or vice versa, etc.

In the subject specification, terms such as “store,” “storage,” “datastore,” data storage,” “database,” and substantially any otherinformation storage component relevant to operation and functionality ofa component, refer to “memory components,” or entities embodied in a“memory” or components comprising the memory. It will be appreciatedthat the memory components described herein can be either volatilememory or nonvolatile memory, or can comprise both volatile andnonvolatile memory, by way of illustration, and not limitation, volatilememory, non-volatile memory, disk storage, and memory storage. Further,nonvolatile memory can be included in read only memory (ROM),programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM),electrically erasable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory cancomprise random access memory (RAM), which acts as external cachememory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available inmany forms such as synchronous RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM),synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhancedSDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct Rambus RAM (DRRAM).Additionally, the disclosed memory components of systems or methodsherein are intended to comprise, without being limited to comprising,these and any other suitable types of memory.

Moreover, it will be noted that the disclosed subject matter can bepracticed with other computer system configurations, comprisingsingle-processor or multiprocessor computer systems, mini-computingdevices, mainframe computers, as well as personal computers, hand-heldcomputing devices (e.g., PDA, phone, smartphone, watch, tabletcomputers, netbook computers, etc.), microprocessor-based orprogrammable consumer or industrial electronics, and the like. Theillustrated aspects can also be practiced in distributed computingenvironments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices thatare linked through a communications network; however, some if not allaspects of the subject disclosure can be practiced on stand-alonecomputers. In a distributed computing environment, program modules canbe located in both local and remote memory storage devices.

In one or more embodiments, information regarding use of services can begenerated including services being accessed, media consumption history,user preferences, and so forth. This information can be obtained byvarious methods including user input, detecting types of communications(e.g., video content vs. audio content), analysis of content streams,sampling, and so forth. The generating, obtaining and/or monitoring ofthis information can be responsive to an authorization provided by theuser. In one or more embodiments, an analysis of data can be subject toauthorization from user(s) associated with the data, such as an opt-in,an opt-out, acknowledgement requirements, notifications, selectiveauthorization based on types of data, and so forth.

Some of the embodiments described herein can also employ artificialintelligence (AI) to facilitate automating one or more featuresdescribed herein. The embodiments (e.g., in connection withautomatically identifying acquired cell sites that provide a maximumvalue/benefit after addition to an existing communication network) canemploy various AI-based schemes for carrying out various embodimentsthereof. Moreover, the classifier can be employed to determine a rankingor priority of each cell site of the acquired network. A classifier is afunction that maps an input attribute vector, x=(x1, x2, x3, x4, . . . ,xn), to a confidence that the input belongs to a class, that is,f(x)=confidence (class). Such classification can employ a probabilisticand/or statistical-based analysis (e.g., factoring into the analysisutilities and costs) to determine or infer an action that a user desiresto be automatically performed. A support vector machine (SVM) is anexample of a classifier that can be employed. The SVM operates byfinding a hypersurface in the space of possible inputs, which thehypersurface attempts to split the triggering criteria from thenon-triggering events. Intuitively, this makes the classificationcorrect for testing data that is near, but not identical to trainingdata. Other directed and undirected model classification approachescomprise, e.g., naïve Bayes, Bayesian networks, decision trees, neuralnetworks, fuzzy logic models, and probabilistic classification modelsproviding different patterns of independence can be employed.Classification as used herein also is inclusive of statisticalregression that is utilized to develop models of priority.

As will be readily appreciated, one or more of the embodiments canemploy classifiers that are explicitly trained (e.g., via a generictraining data) as well as implicitly trained (e.g., via observing UEbehavior, operator preferences, historical information, receivingextrinsic information). For example, SVMs can be configured via alearning or training phase within a classifier constructor and featureselection module. Thus, the classifier(s) can be used to automaticallylearn and perform a number of functions, including but not limited todetermining according to predetermined criteria which of the acquiredcell sites will benefit a maximum number of subscribers and/or which ofthe acquired cell sites will add minimum value to the existingcommunication network coverage, etc.

As used in some contexts in this application, in some embodiments, theterms “component,” “system” and the like are intended to refer to, orcomprise, a computer-related entity or an entity related to anoperational apparatus with one or more specific functionalities, whereinthe entity can be either hardware, a combination of hardware andsoftware, software, or software in execution. As an example, a componentmay be, but is not limited to being, a process running on a processor, aprocessor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution,computer-executable instructions, a program, and/or a computer. By wayof illustration and not limitation, both an application running on aserver and the server can be a component. One or more components mayreside within a process and/or thread of execution and a component maybe localized on one computer and/or distributed between two or morecomputers. In addition, these components can execute from variouscomputer readable media having various data structures stored thereon.The components may communicate via local and/or remote processes such asin accordance with a signal having one or more data packets (e.g., datafrom one component interacting with another component in a local system,distributed system, and/or across a network such as the Internet withother systems via the signal). As another example, a component can be anapparatus with specific functionality provided by mechanical partsoperated by electric or electronic circuitry, which is operated by asoftware or firmware application executed by a processor, wherein theprocessor can be internal or external to the apparatus and executes atleast a part of the software or firmware application. As yet anotherexample, a component can be an apparatus that provides specificfunctionality through electronic components without mechanical parts,the electronic components can comprise a processor therein to executesoftware or firmware that confers at least in part the functionality ofthe electronic components. While various components have beenillustrated as separate components, it will be appreciated that multiplecomponents can be implemented as a single component, or a singlecomponent can be implemented as multiple components, without departingfrom example embodiments.

Further, the various embodiments can be implemented as a method,apparatus or article of manufacture using standard programming and/orengineering techniques to produce software, firmware, hardware or anycombination thereof to control a computer to implement the disclosedsubject matter. The term “article of manufacture” as used herein isintended to encompass a computer program accessible from anycomputer-readable device or computer-readable storage/communicationsmedia. For example, computer readable storage media can include, but arenot limited to, magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk,magnetic strips), optical disks (e.g., compact disk (CD), digitalversatile disk (DVD)), smart cards, and flash memory devices (e.g.,card, stick, key drive). Of course, those skilled in the art willrecognize many modifications can be made to this configuration withoutdeparting from the scope or spirit of the various embodiments.

In addition, the words “example” and “exemplary” are used herein to meanserving as an instance or illustration. Any embodiment or designdescribed herein as “example” or “exemplary” is not necessarily to beconstrued as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments ordesigns. Rather, use of the word example or exemplary is intended topresent concepts in a concrete fashion. As used in this application, theterm “or” is intended to mean an inclusive “or” rather than an exclusive“or”. That is, unless specified otherwise or clear from context, “Xemploys A or B” is intended to mean any of the natural inclusivepermutations. That is, if X employs A; X employs B; or X employs both Aand B, then “X employs A or B” is satisfied under any of the foregoinginstances. In addition, the articles “a” and “an” as used in thisapplication and the appended claims should generally be construed tomean “one or more” unless specified otherwise or clear from context tobe directed to a singular form.

Moreover, terms such as “user equipment,” “mobile station,” “mobile,”subscriber station,” “access terminal,” “terminal,” “handset,” “mobiledevice” (and/or terms representing similar terminology) can refer to awireless device utilized by a subscriber or user of a wirelesscommunication service to receive or convey data, control, voice, video,sound, gaming or substantially any data-stream or signaling-stream. Theforegoing terms are utilized interchangeably herein and with referenceto the related drawings.

Furthermore, the terms “user,” “subscriber,” “customer,” “consumer” andthe like are employed interchangeably throughout, unless contextwarrants particular distinctions among the terms. It should beappreciated that such terms can refer to human entities or automatedcomponents supported through artificial intelligence (e.g., a capacityto make inference based, at least, on complex mathematical formalisms),which can provide simulated vision, sound recognition and so forth.

As employed herein, the term “processor” can refer to substantially anycomputing processing unit or device comprising, but not limited tocomprising, single-core processors; single-processors with softwaremultithread execution capability; multi-core processors; multi-coreprocessors with software multithread execution capability; multi-coreprocessors with hardware multithread technology; parallel platforms; andparallel platforms with distributed shared memory. Additionally, aprocessor can refer to an integrated circuit, an application specificintegrated circuit (ASIC), a digital signal processor (DSP), a fieldprogrammable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic controller (PLC), acomplex programmable logic device (CPLD), a discrete gate or transistorlogic, discrete hardware components or any combination thereof designedto perform the functions described herein. Processors can exploitnano-scale architectures such as, but not limited to, molecular andquantum-dot based transistors, switches and gates, in order to optimizespace usage or enhance performance of user equipment. A processor canalso be implemented as a combination of computing processing units.

As used herein, terms such as “data storage,” data storage,” “database,”and substantially any other information storage component relevant tooperation and functionality of a component, refer to “memorycomponents,” or entities embodied in a “memory” or components comprisingthe memory. It will be appreciated that the memory components orcomputer-readable storage media, described herein can be either volatilememory or nonvolatile memory or can include both volatile andnonvolatile memory.

What has been described above includes mere examples of variousembodiments. It is, of course, not possible to describe everyconceivable combination of components or methodologies for purposes ofdescribing these examples, but one of ordinary skill in the art canrecognize that many further combinations and permutations of the presentembodiments are possible. Accordingly, the embodiments disclosed and/orclaimed herein are intended to embrace all such alterations,modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and scope ofthe appended claims. Furthermore, to the extent that the term “includes”is used in either the detailed description or the claims, such term isintended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprising” as“comprising” is interpreted when employed as a transitional word in aclaim.

In addition, a flow diagram may include a “start” and/or “continue”indication. The “start” and “continue” indications reflect that thesteps presented can optionally be incorporated in or otherwise used inconjunction with other routines. In this context, “start” indicates thebeginning of the first step presented and may be preceded by otheractivities not specifically shown. Further, the “continue” indicationreflects that the steps presented may be performed multiple times and/ormay be succeeded by other activities not specifically shown. Further,while a flow diagram indicates a particular ordering of steps, otherorderings are likewise possible provided that the principles ofcausality are maintained.

As may also be used herein, the term(s) “operably coupled to”, “coupledto”, and/or “coupling” includes direct coupling between items and/orindirect coupling between items via one or more intervening items. Suchitems and intervening items include, but are not limited to, junctions,communication paths, components, circuit elements, circuits, functionalblocks, and/or devices. As an example of indirect coupling, a signalconveyed from a first item to a second item may be modified by one ormore intervening items by modifying the form, nature or format ofinformation in a signal, while one or more elements of the informationin the signal are nevertheless conveyed in a manner than can berecognized by the second item. In a further example of indirectcoupling, an action in a first item can cause a reaction on the seconditem, as a result of actions and/or reactions in one or more interveningitems.

Although specific embodiments have been illustrated and describedherein, it should be appreciated that any arrangement which achieves thesame or similar purpose may be substituted for the embodiments describedor shown by the subject disclosure. The subject disclosure is intendedto cover any and all adaptations or variations of various embodiments.Combinations of the above embodiments, and other embodiments notspecifically described herein, can be used in the subject disclosure.For instance, one or more features from one or more embodiments can becombined with one or more features of one or more other embodiments. Inone or more embodiments, features that are positively recited can alsobe negatively recited and excluded from the embodiment with or withoutreplacement by another structural and/or functional feature. The stepsor functions described with respect to the embodiments of the subjectdisclosure can be performed in any order. The steps or functionsdescribed with respect to the embodiments of the subject disclosure canbe performed alone or in combination with other steps or functions ofthe subject disclosure, as well as from other embodiments or from othersteps that have not been described in the subject disclosure. Further,more than or less than all of the features described with respect to anembodiment can also be utilized.

1. A device, comprising: a processing system including a processor; anda memory that stores executable instructions that, when executed by theprocessing system, facilitate performance of operations, the operationscomprising: obtaining video content, wherein the video content comprisesa plurality of frames; monitoring, by an image sensor, a facial featureof a user to determine a visual focus of the user in relation to thevideo content; identifying a first group of frames of the plurality offrames and identifying a second group of frames of the plurality offrames, wherein the first group of frames includes a first group ofmoving objects, wherein the second group of frames includes a secondgroup of moving objects; determining that the first group of movingobjects in the first group of frames is fewer than the second group ofmoving objects in the second group of frames resulting in an objectdetermination; determining, according to the monitoring and the objectdetermination, a measure of attention of the user within a region of thefirst group of frames; determining that the measure of attention of theuser within the region of the first group of frames satisfies athreshold; and embedding in at least a portion of subsequent frames ofthe plurality of frames a visual advertisement in the region forpresentation to the user via a communication device receiving the atleast the portion of subsequent frames of the plurality of frames. 2.The device of claim 1, wherein the threshold comprises a desired measureof attention of the user and a measure of movement of objects.
 3. Thedevice of claim 1, wherein the region in the first group of framessatisfying the threshold comprises a low user attention region.
 4. Thedevice of claim 1, wherein the facial feature of the user comprises atleast one eye of the user, and wherein the monitoring comprisesmonitoring, by the image sensor, a pupil of the at least one eye of theuser.
 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the image sensor comprises acamera sensor.
 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the determining of themeasure of attention of the user comprises performing user attentionanalysis on the first group of frames.
 7. The device of claim 6, whereinthe performing of the user attention analysis comprises performing videouser attention analysis or performing audio user attention analysis. 8.The device of claim 1, wherein the operations comprise identifying acurrent time period to embed the visual advertisement, wherein the firstgroup of frames and the portion of subsequent frames are within thecurrent time period.
 9. The device of claim 8, wherein the identifyingof the current time period comprises: identifying a previous time periodfor embedding a previous visual advertisement; and determining adifference from the current time period and the previous time periodexceeds a time threshold.
 10. The device of claim 1, wherein theoperations comprise detecting a change in viewpoint of the user, whereinthe determining of the measure of attention of the user within theregion of the first group of frames comprises determining the measure ofattention of the user within the region of the first group of framesaccording to the change in viewpoint.
 11. The device of claim 1, whereinthe determining of the measure of attention of the user within theregion of the first group of frames comprises determining the measure ofattention of the user within the region of the first group of frames inresponse to performing a spatial analysis on the first group of frames.12. The device of claim 1, wherein the video content comprises panoramicvideo content.
 13. The device of claim 1, wherein the communicationdevice comprises a virtual reality headset.
 14. A non-transitory,machine-readable medium, comprising executable instructions that, whenexecuted by a processing system including a processor, facilitateperformance of operations, the operations comprising: obtaining videocontent, wherein the video content comprises a plurality of frames;monitoring, by a sensor, a feature of a user to determine a focus ofattention of the user in relation to the video content; identifying afirst group of frames of the plurality of frames and identifying asecond group of frames of the plurality of frames, wherein the firstgroup of frames includes a first group of moving objects, wherein thesecond group of frames includes a second group of moving objects;determining that the first group of moving objects in the first group offrames is fewer than the second group of moving objects in the secondgroup of frames resulting in an object determination; detecting fromsensor data supplied by the sensor a change in viewpoint of the user;determining, according to the object determination and the change inviewpoint, a measure of attention of the user within a region of thefirst group of frames according to the change in viewpoint; determiningthat the measure of attention of the user within the region of the firstgroup of frames satisfies a threshold; and inserting in at least aportion of subsequent frames of the plurality of frames a visualadvertisement in the region for presentation to the user via acommunication device receiving the at least the portion of subsequentframes of the plurality of frames.
 15. The non-transitory,machine-readable medium of claim 14, wherein the threshold comprises adesired measure of attention of the user and a measure of movement ofobjects.
 16. The non-transitory, machine-readable medium of claim 14,wherein the region in the first group of frames satisfying the thresholdcomprises a low user attention region.
 17. The non-transitory,machine-readable medium of claim 14, wherein the determining of themeasure of attention of the user comprises performing user attentionanalysis on the first group of frames.
 18. The non-transitory,machine-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the performing of the userattention analysis comprises performing attention analysis of image datasupplied by the sensor or performing attention analysis of audio datasupplied by the sensor.
 19. A method, comprising: obtaining, by aprocessing system including a processor, video content, wherein thevideo content comprises a plurality of frames; monitoring, by theprocessing system via a sensor, a feature of a user to determine a focusof the user in relation to the video content; identifying, by theprocessing system, a first visual advertisement embedded in a firstgroup of frames of the plurality of frames; identifying, by theprocessing system, a first group of moving objects in the first group offrames; responsive to determining, by the processing system, that a timeperiod since the first group of frames were presented by a communicationdevice of the user exceeds a time threshold: identifying, by theprocessing system, a second group of moving objects in a second group offrames of the plurality of frames; determining, by the processingsystem, that the second group of moving objects in the second group offrames is fewer than the first group of moving objects in the firstgroup of frames resulting in an object determination, wherein the secondgroup of frames occurs in time after the first group of frames;determining, by the processing system, according to sensor data suppliedby the sensor and the object determination, a measure of attention ofthe user within a region of the second group of frames; determining, bythe processing system, that the measure of attention of the user withinthe region of the second group of frames satisfies a threshold; andembedding, by the processing system, in at least a portion of frames ofthe plurality of frames that occur after the second group of frames asecond visual advertisement in the region for presentation to the uservia the communication device.
 20. The method of claim 19, wherein theregion in the second group of frames satisfying the threshold comprisesa low user attention region.